However, the difference is in the materials used.įor the exterior structure, you should use materials that withstand adverse weather conditions, including heavy rain and intense sunlight. Basic principles such as mixing, painting, and applying materials don’t differ. You can distinguish between exterior and interior stucco. The amount of water will depend on the density you want to get. The contemporary composition of the stucco is sand and plastic cement in a 3:1 ratio, mixed with 100 to 170 ounces (3 to 5 l) of water. It is a combination of Portland cement, lime, sand, and water that provides the perfect gypsum mud. There is another variant of the mixture that includes plastic cement. Unfortunately, this stucco type is less durable and can crack quickly. This name came from a specific stone found on the island of Portland, near the British coast.Įven today, constructors use Portland cement instead of lime and mix it with sand and water. ![]() Joseph Aspidin invented Portland cement that consists of iron, limestone, clay, and shale in 1824. Today’s stucco is a mixture of Portland cement, sand, and water. In any case, today’s stucco composition is different from that of ancient days, but it is still an attractive option for siding. In the Middle Ages, Europeans added eggs, malt, beer, milk, and hair to the mortar to help the bonding process, depending on the region. You can still see it in the Great Mosque from the 9th century in Samara, Iraq. The presence of stucco in ancient Islamic art was significant, and constructors used it as decorative reliefs in the ancient Mesopotamia and Persia periods. Historical sites show that stucco was present in Greek construction in 1,400 BC. The builders of ancient Greece also used this material. Archaeologists found bathrooms made out of this material in a famous Hadrian’s villa that is under UNESCO protection. Ancient Romans also discovered that adding silicon dioxide and alumina strengthens the stucco.Īlso, they shaped curved ceilings thanks to the knowledge that white limestone stucco was easy to process. There were reports that builders used this material to decorate public and private buildings during the Roman Empire. ![]() Stucco has been known in art and architecture for over 9,000 years. As lime is soluble, it will fill those cracks as soon as it gets wet. The stucco you get this way is strong and durable, but you can spot cracks in the mortar after a while. ![]() Only then can you apply it over the surface or make a desirable shape. It is necessary to mix these components until getting a smooth paste. Although you can use different components to make this mixture nowadays, you will only need: Recently, marble dust was replaced by sand in the stucco composition. Constructors often shaped complex figures from this material and even painted them. The interior stucco was a mixture of marble dust, water, and lime in the past, which made it a smooth plaster. It is a type of plaster with a finish, usually on the buildings’ exterior, but you can also find it in the interior design of business and living spaces. People have been using stucco in construction since ancient times.
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