The real was replaced by the escudo in 1917. In 1903, the bank issued the 50,000-real banknote which is the currency's largest denomination. The Banco Nacional Ultramarino, a Portuguese bank opened a branch in Sao Tome and Principe in 1868 and it began to issue Sao Tome and Principe real banknotes in 1897 which were in 1,000, 2,000, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 real denominations. The colony issued its distinct coinage which was minted in 10, 40, and 80 reis denominations. The Portuguese real was equivalent to the Sao Tome and Principe real. The real (reis in plural) was the official currency in the Portuguese colony of Sao Tome and Principe since the islands were first inhabited in the 16th century. Historical currencies of Sao Tome and Principe Historical and Other Flags of Sao Tome and Principe This flag was then officially adopted as the flag of the nation in 1975 to denote the end of colonial rule in the country. The leader of this party, Manuel Pinto da Costa, designed the national flag of the to-be-independent nation. However, before independence, the MLSTP (Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe) - a political party that played an important role in the independence movement, was recognized by the Portuguese government as the only representative of the islands' people. During the Portuguese rule on the islands, the flag of Portugal was in use in the country. These people then established colonies in the region in the 16th century. Portuguese explorers first found their way to these islands in the 15th century. The islands of the country were uninhabited before the arrival of the Europeans. History of the Flag of Sao Tome and Principe The flag has a width-to-length proportion ratio of 1:2. The two black stars represent the two main islands of the nation (Sao Tome and Principe). The red triangle symbolizes that hard-fought struggle for independence. The yellow color also symbolizes cocoa which is one of the country's main agricultural products. Represented by the yellow color is the tropical sun that shines over the country all the year round and supports all life that is there. The green color stands for the country's rich vegetation. Two black five-pointed stars are placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle is based on the hoist side of the flag. The width ratio of the three bands is 2:3:2. The National Flag of Sao Tome and Principe features three horizontal bands of the Pan-African colors: green (top), yellow (double width), and green. The National Flag of Sao Tome and Principe was officially adopted on November 5, 1975.
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